Fotoserien

Nachdem ich die Dokumentarfotografie autodidaktisch für mich entdeckt hatte, beschloss ich, einen Masterstudiengang in Fotojournalismus und Dokumentarfotografie zu absolvieren. Das war wirklich ein Wendepunkt in meiner Praxis, da ich begann, Grenzen und Wege infrage zu stellen, um eine Geschichte auf eine andere Weise rüberzubringen. Während des Studiums realisierte ich Installationsprojekte, um die Verbindung von Körperlichkeit, Fotografie und Beweiskraft zu untersuchen, was meinen Ansatz für „The Pact of Silence“ sehr stark definierte.

Mir schwebte ein persönliches Projekt vor, das sich mit einem umfassenderen Thema mit Bezug zu meinem Land befasst. Da die spanische Gesellschaft – mich eingeschlossen zu der Zeit – nur oberflächliche Kenntnisse über die Dimensionen der Grausamkeiten des Franco-Regimes besaß, entschloss ich mich, tiefer zu bohren und auch meine totgeschwiegene Familiengeschichte zu erforschen. Je mehr ich entdeckte, desto verstörter wurde ich angesichts des erzwungenen Schweigens und des kollektiven Vergessens. In dem Moment erkannte ich, wie notwendig es war, das Thema an die Öffentlichkeit zu bringen, indem ich es fotografisch bearbeitete und zeige, wie die spanische Vergangenheit heute immer noch präsent ist.

Ich finde, heute bewegt sich die Fotografie mithilfe verschiedener Medien in viele Richtungen. Ich bin wirklich fasziniert von transmedialer Kunst, bei der die Interaktion der Medien dazu beiträgt, die Botschaft der Arbeit rüberzubringen. Ich finde die umfangreichen Möglichkeiten, die das für den Bildjournalismus bietet, äußerst spannend. Ich glaube, dass es nicht nur ein Bewusstsein für das Thema erzeugt, sondern dem Publikum auch zu einer Erfahrung verhilft.

It has been an intense process and still is. Every discovery felt like a success, but was also emotionally distressing due to the hardness of the events and my personal relation to the subject. At the beginning, it was challenging to decide how to portray the matter photographically. Rather than involving portraits of testimonies, I wanted to cover the subject with facts found during the research.

My great-grandfather Jose was a land-labourer in Andalusia. The rapidly changing political climate resulted in conflicts about payment between workers and landowners. Because of that, he spent most weeks working in the countryside, rarely able to see his family. One day, the military forces came to the land and forced some workers into a truck, taking them further away — they used to do this to proceed with executions. Some labourers were released and others, like Jose, were not. (Alba Diaz’ great-grandfather was part of the farmers’ labour union, which supported the Republic.)

The topic has been a taboo in my family for decades. Everyone reacted positively but they were surprised about the idea of looking into our past. I first approached my grandmother on her opinion towards the project, to see how she would feel in relation to it. We were aware that her testimony was needed as ground base for the start of the research — meaning she would have to relive her past years of silence. To our surprise, she has been really supportive and strong throughout the project. However, when updating her on the progress of the research, her fear of the regime’s repression was palpable.

Surprisingly, the amount of organisations and people involved in the recovery of the historical memory in Spain are making a lot of effort to bring the subject into an open discussion. I am really grateful for how welcoming these organisations, historians and victims’ relatives were. Without their guidance and knowledge, it would have been very difficult to move forward with the research. Many crucial documents were burned and eliminated by Franco’s regime, preventing any sort of trace of evidence.

I decided to focus on Andalusia because my great-grandfather Jose was born there. It also facilitated visiting local archives and meeting historical memory organisations. I spent around two months in the area visiting the various locations. I specially focused on Jerez de la Frontera, where I was invited to attend the search of an exhumation of the possible ditch where my great-grandfather could be. Unfortunately, the search for him is still ongoing.

I received a wide variety of reactions. The most common one has been the astonishment in relation to the presence of ditches in our daily spaces.
On the other hand, I will not forget a conversation I had last October with a staff member from „The Valley of the Fallen” in Madrid, where Franco was buried. (Franco’s remains were exhumed and reburied.) [bitte kursiv] The person was arguing against historical memory organisations and laws, insisting that there is no need to open wounds of the past. This is a common reaction in Spain. The way victims’ relatives see it is that a wound can’t be opened when it hasn’t even healed.

It was one of the hardest decisions I had to make in this project, being aware of the ethical questions that those images convey. The reason I chose to include them is because of the reaction and message I wanted to project to the audience. I needed to provide evidence to get a sense of collision and confrontation between past and present. I felt that if I kept it to the spectators’ imagination, the understanding would have stayed as it was for me at the very start of this project — as an inheritance of familiar tales that have passed from generation to generation. 

In “The Pact of Silence” I covered the subject in a wider perspective and now I want to focus on it in a more personal way. There are still many questions that remain unanswered regarding my great-grandfather’s story, and I’m looking forward to continuing with the research. (Interview: Florian Sulzer)